Ethics, stories, and curiosity

Causal inference and data science

• Miguel A. Hernán, “The C-Word: Scientific Euphemisms Do Not Improve Causal Inference From Observational Data” Miguel A. Hernán, “The c-Word: Scientific Euphemisms Do Not Improve Causal Inference from Observational Data,” American Journal of Publich Health 108, no. 5 (May 2018): 616–19, doi:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304337.
• Hannah Fresques and Meg Marco, “‘Your Default Position Should Be Skepticism’ and Other Advice for Data Journalists From Hadley Wickham,” ProPublica, June 10, 2019

Storytelling

• Chapter 14 in Impact Evaluation in Practice Paul J. Gertler et al., Impact Evaluation in Practice, 2nd ed. (Inter-American Development Bank; World Bank, 2016), https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/25030.
• Martin Krzywinski and Alberto Cairo, “Storytelling”
• Ben Wellington, “Making data mean more through storytelling”
• Will Schoder, “Every Story is the Same”

Ethics

Keep in mind throughout all these readings that an “algorithm” in these contexts is typically some fancy type of regression model where the outcome variable is something binary like “Safe babysitter/unsafe babysitter,” “Gave up seat in past/didn’t give up seat in past”, or “Violated probation in past/didn’t violate probation in past”, and the explanatory variables are hundreds of pieces of data that might predict those outcomes (social media history, flight history, race, etc.).

Data scientists build a (sometimes proprietary and complex) model based on existing data, plug in values for any given new person, multiply that person’s values by the coefficients in the model, and get a final score in the end for how likely someone is to be a safe babysitter or how likely someone is to return to jail.

• DJ Patil, “A Code of Ethics for Data Science” (if your’re interested in this, also check out Mike Loukides, Hilary Mason, and DJ Patil, Ethics and Data Science
• “AI in 2018: A Year in Review”
• “How Big Data Is ‘Automating Inequality’”
• “In ‘Algorithms of Oppression,’ Safiya Noble finds old stereotypes persist in new media”
• 99% Invisible, “The Age of the Algorithm”: Note that this is a podcast, or a 20ish minute audio story. Listen to this.
• On the Media, “Biased Algorithms, Biased World”
• “Wanted: The ‘perfect babysitter.’ Must pass AI scan for respect and attitude.”
• “Companies are on the hook if their hiring algorithms are biased”
• “Courts use algorithms to help determine sentencing, but random people get the same results”
• David Heinemeier Hansson’s rant on the Apple Card
  • And Jamie Heinemeier Hansson’s response